Sirenomelia or mermaid syndrome is a rare and lethal malformation.It is characterized by a single lower limb with various degrees of fusion, single umbilical artery, scissor urogenital abnormalities, and absent external genitalia.Two major mechanisms proposed in its pathogenesis are the vascular steal hypothesis and the defective blastogenesis hypo
Abstract Background After an initial attack of biliary pancreatitis, cholecystectomy minimizes the risk of recurrent biliary pancreatitis and other gallstone-related complications.Guidelines advocate performing cholecystectomy within 2 to 4 weeks after discharge for mild biliary pancreatitis.During this waiting period, the patient is at risk of rec
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) was the most prevalent invasive shrub in the forestlands of Eastern Texas in 2006.We analyzed Wood Message Frame extensive field data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the U.S.Forest Service to quantify the range expansion of Chinese privet from 2006 to 2011.Our results indicated the presen
Discriminative touch relies on afferent information carried to the central nervous system by action potentials (spikes) in ensembles of primary afferents bundled in peripheral nerves.These sensory quanta are first processed by the cuneate nucleus before the afferent information is transmitted to brain networks serving specific perceptual and sensor
Abstract Background Insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells of susceptible insect larvae.Aminopeptidases N (APNs) from several insect species have been shown to be putative receptors for these toxins.Here we report the cloning and expression analysis of four APN cDNAs from Spodoptera exigua.Resul